What complication can arise from Enterohemorrhagic E. coli infection?

• A. Pneumonia
• B. Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
• C. Pancreatitis
• D. Depression

Answer: (B)

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli producing Shiga toxin can trigger a dangerous systemic complication called hemolytic uremic syndrome. The toxin injures the lining of small blood vessels, especially in the kidneys, leading to widespread microthrombi. This consumes platelets and shears red blood cells, causing a triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury. It often follows a bloody diarrheal illness, particularly in children, and represents a toxin-mediated vascular injury rather than a direct infection of the lungs or pancreas. Management is supportive, with careful attention to fluid balance and renal function; avoid antibiotics or antimotility agents in suspected EHEC, since they may worsen toxin release. Dialysis or transfusions may be needed in severe cases. Other listed conditions, like pneumonia, pancreatitis, or depression, are not typical complications of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli infection.